6 fuel injectors
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Review Post 6 fuel injectors
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Review Q&A 6 fuel injectors
How many fuel injectors do I need for 6 cylinders?
For a modern port fuel injection 1 per cylinder so 6 for high performance applications 2 per cylinder are used so 12. And more commonly now with direct injection petrol engines engines also having port injection so 2 sets of injectors per cylinder. There are downsides to DI. A DI system is more expensive because the pressure required to squirt fuel into the combustion chamber is 50 to 100 times higher than with PI, and the higher-pressure pump imposes parasitic losses. Direct injectors tend to be noisy. Carbon deposits—both on the backsides of the intake valves and on tailpipes—are service issues for some DI users. Because there’s less time for vaporization to occur, some fuel escapes the combustion chamber and the catalytic converter as particulate matter or soot. These carbon particles are similar to but smaller in size than those spit out by diesel engines. The Combination The ultimate strategy is combining both PI and DI benefits, using each to diminish the other’s negatives. Toyota, for example, fires both injectors during low to medium load and rpm conditions—in other words, during normal driving. This raises the density of the incoming charge without boosting and flushes carbon deposits off the intake valves. During high load and rpm circumstances, when maximum combustion chamber cooling is needed because detonation is more likely, DI handles all the fuel delivery.
Why would the fuel injector go on a car only 6 years old?
Why would the fuel injector go on a car only 6 years old? Do you mean that your injector failed? That happens sometimes. Injectors are mechanical and anything mechanical can fail. While fuel injectors usually last much longer, you got one that didn’t.
Have you bought a used luxury car in India? What's your experience?
I had brought a used BMW e36 2001 i feel it's the most stupidest thing i had done in my life I felt like i was on cloud 9 when i brought the car all flying colours was surrounded me Flying colours didnt last much to be frank i am from middle class family just to impress my dad mom and family to create a status i had brought the car Thank god i didnt buy the car in EMI it was cash transaction After i brought the car I drove the car only for 2 days and thought of fixing the things like engine re- work ans little bit paint job and suspension Things started to turn out as a night mare Engine fuel injector had a issue which i got imported from USA as it was less expensive than buying in India , because fuel injector didn't work properly fuel pump got busted and ended up buying fuel pump because it was German engineering fuel pump …fuel injector didn't connect with car ecu …it got failed I lost 2.5 lakhs in fuel injector fuel pump car paint and mechanical charges …finally i had to take it to BMW work shop …they had a routine check up and informed fuel injector rail fuel pump sensor and air sensor need to replaced …to fix it i was suppose to sell my kidney I gave up fixing the car and dumped the car in my friend garage …it's still sitting idle and cannot be fixed If your real want to buy a luxury car …please wait for few more years save some money and buy new one or …..buy something like Toyota Camry are corolla altis ….for india roads these are most comfortable and plush cars you can buy Money is hard earned think twice before you spend
How does fuel mix with oil in a Scania DC12 6 cylinder common rail PDE injector engine?
As this is a diesel injector the fuel is an oil. This type of injector is a combined high pressure pump and injector and the diesel both cools and lubricates the injector pump. All common rail fuel injection (CRDi) systems are entirely lubricated by the fuel.
Are there any diesel bikes in the market now? If no, then why?
Diesel, is cheaper, economical and rich in energy content against the petrol engine. Still there aren't any diesel motorcycles available in the present two wheeler market in India, however you could find a used 1990s used Royal Enfield Taurus, which was banned long ago. As roughly speaking it is due to the technical disadvantages of diesel engines over petrol engines. Some of the notable issues of diesel powered engines are: 1.COMPRESSION Diesel engines are CI engines, (Compression Ignition) so they do have higher compression ratio than petrol engines. Therefore diesel engines should be strong enough to withstand this high compression. For that engine parts should be strong and heavier. It also results in producing a huge amount of vibration and noise. 2. ENGINE SIZE Size of a diesel engine is comparatively larger than a petrol engine and it it not at all practical to mount these engine for motorcyles. 3. HORSE POWER Diesel engines are capable of producing more torque than break horse power, whereas motorcycle demands maximum power. 4. EMISSION The carbon emission for diesel engines are higher than petrol. The rate of motorcycles are higher than public transport system in India and it will elevate the rate of greenhouse gases. 5. MAINTENANCE COST Diesel engine consists of a fuel injector rather than a spark plug, which is expensive as well as prone for regular servicing and maintenance. 6.PRICE Turbocharger, fuel injector, stronger cylinder walls and fuel supply system are some of the essential requirements for a diesel engine, which may cost extra bucks for production. The Royal Enfield has taken all those challenges and came up with their diesel variant Taurus. The engine was noisy and unrefined. The huge amount of vibration also resulted in health issues too. It did not meet the emission norms of India. Image source: Google Peace
If a car purchased 20 years ago had been immediately garaged and its engine never started, could it be driven today without having to undergo major service?
Without ,MAJOR ,service; probably. I have purchased many vehicle that had sat long term, think decades. There are a few steps to getting them running. Pull all the spark plugs and put a copious amount of oil in the cylinders. I like Marvel Mystery oil mixed with Automatic Transmission Fluid. Leave that concoction at a minimum of over night to soak and penetrate all the surfaces of the piston and rings. Fuel / Gas would probably be an issue as it has probably varnished up the tank, fuel pump and fuel lines. The carburetor or fuel injectors ,may ,have survived without needing repair. Possible but not likely. So a full cleaning of the fuel system would be necessary. Replace the fuel filter and add fresh gas. You will definitely need a new battery. At day two or three you can attempt to turn the engine over by hand, GENTLY without the spark plugs installed. The goal is to slowly move and introduce the oil you put in the cylinders onto the surfaces of the cylinder wall. Once the oil is no longer in the cylinders I would change the original oil and filter. Reinstall the spark plugs, connect the new battery and using the key turn over the engine. By not priming the intake the engine should turn over for several seconds lubricating the engine with fresh oil before it starts. At this point you could prime the intake, cross your fingers and start the vehicle. You will probably experience engine and running gear seal leaks. The seals used to hold lubricants and fluids will tend to dry out when a vehicle has sat for a long period. All that being said; I spent 25 years buying one car. A 1959 Cadillac coupe. I personally knew that it had sat for over 10 years when I finalized the purchase. I had it transported to my shop where I performed the above procedures. I did a tune-up, added a new fuel pump and battery and drove the Caddy up and down the road.
How did diesel engines run without electrical fuel injectors in the past?
Question: ,“How did diesel engines run without electrical fuel injectors in the past?” Before electronic fuel injection Diesel engines used fully mechanical pressure pumps that also directed and metered the fuel. An example of one of these mechanical pumps is this Bosch unit which was fitted to the four-cylinder Diesel engine in the Mercedes-Benz 190d. Such high pressure pumps delivered fuel via an array of steel tubes, all of which are the same length so that the length of the tube does not affect the timing of the fuel delivery, to the individual injectors. In this photo you can see the 190d’s injector tubes to the right of the camshaft cover. The Mercedes-Benz 180d and 190d Diesels were once quite common in the United States and introduced Americans to Diesel powered automobile engines. They were noted for their durability…and also for the problems involved in finding fuel for them, as Diesel fuel in those years was only available commercially at truck stops. But high pressure mechanical fuel injection was not limited to Diesel engines. This car The iconic Mercedes-Benz 300SL, built from 1954 through 1963, also used mechanical fuel injection in its 6-cylinder inline overhead cam gasoline engine. As noted, these mechanical pumps not only developed the high pressure needed for fuel delivery and atomization but they also directed and precisely timed the fuel delivery to each injector and cylinder. They required multiple parts and precision machining. They were, thus, very expensive to build. These mechanical fuel injection pumps were also difficult to service. In fact, if you lived in America and needed servicing, such as calibration, on the fuel injection pump for your 300 SL, or for this car the Mercedes-Benz 300d which used the same engine, service was not available in the United States. Rather, the mechanical fuel injection pump would have to be removed from your car, shipped to Germany, and there repaired and/or calibrated by skilled German technicians before being shipped back to you and reinstalled on your car by a service technician at your Mercedes-Benz dealership. If you look closely at the photo of the Bosch serviced mechanical fuel injection pump for a Mercedes shown above, you will note that many of the bolts and screws have been paint marked and several parts have been secured with aircraft safety wire which was then protected by lead seals. This was done to insure that the pump would not be opened or tampered with by an unauthorized serviceman. Doing so would void any warranty. Do note that the big Mercedes-Benz 300d, often referred to as the Adenauer Benz (referring to the post-war Chancellor of the German Republic Konrad Adenauer who served from 1948 to 1963), despite its “d” designation, had a 6-cylinder injected gasoline engine. Here is the coupe and the convertible. Although fuel injection had been developed for aircraft during WWII and a rather crude form of mechanical fuel injection by Tecalemit-Jackson was used by oval track racers, and Chevrolet in 1956 and Chrysler in 1958 had optional mechanical fuel injection. Real electronic fuel injection for automobiles was first offered on the 1956 Rambler Rebel V8 using the Bendix Electrojector system. And the Bendix fuel injection system used vacuum tubes in its control unit!
Are Audi cars reliable?
I bought a 5 years old Audi A6 with 80,000+ miles on it. I drove 36,000 miles in the first 2 yrs and below is all I spent maintaining it, you be the judge, At 85k.miles - Replaced the spark plugs, not because the car died but to smoothen the acceleration $400 dollars. At 105k miles - Replaced the vacuum pump because it was leaking, I replaced the water pump as well as a proactive measure - about 900 dollars bill. OIL change every 6k miles - $150 each time (this includes a check up as well) The car is running fine, love the 3.0 SUPERCHARGED engine, probably the best engine in this class. EDIT after 95,000 Views and several comments: ,I did NOT claim maintaining Audi was inexpensive nor it is super reliable, I just shared my ownership experience with 2 Audi’s. A lot of people have questioned the 400 dollar spark plugs - the plugs itself costs $10 a piece, it is the labor charge that makes it to $400 (oil was also changed during this maintenance). Also, people asked about $150 oil change, Audi takes synthetic oil and the oil alone costs about $50, the remaining charges are for the filters and the inspection by my trusted Audi mechanic (Not dealer), I pay for his expertise and his time. EDIT (June 2017) - 113,000 Miles, - I noticed the car is shaking while braking at high speeds (70+ MPH), took the car to my mechanic and replaced the front brake rotors - Parts cost me $255 and labor was $150 - total damage to the bank was $405. Conclusion: Are Audi’s as reliable and cheap as Toyota Camry? - ,No, they are not,, I don’t think anyone can compete with Toyota when it comes to reliability. I have driven 4Runners and Land Cruisers with 300,000+ miles, and those cars drove just fine, thumbs up to Toyota. Does Audi drive like a Toyota Camry - ,Hell NO !! - it runs like an Audi, and I love it. July 2017 - added pictures. Aug 2017, - For those who speaks Kms instead of miles - as of now, I am running at 115,500 Miles ( 186,000 Kms). My car can cover about 800kms in one tank of Petrol that's about 12Km/liter and in city I get around 8Km/L. Sept 2017:, The tires needed replacement, the current tires did duty for at least 40,000 miles (it came with when I bought the car). I got Firestone Indy500 performance tires. Total spend was $759 for 4 tires and installation. Also did a wheel alignment and balancing, that cost me $89 - Current mileage on the car is 118,600 Miles (190,899 Kms). March 2018: ,At ,1,22,000 Miles I said goodbye to my Audi. This has got nothing to do with Audi’s reliability, my interest has changed to off-roading and overlanding. I picked up a Lexus GX-470 ( Land Cruiser Prado) and I have been building that car. Audi did depreciate quiet a bit, but I found a buyer for my A6 and he paid me a decent price (Less than the KBB recommended value, but that was expected for a German car). I do miss my Audi, but at the same time I am having a great time driving through the Arizona deserts on my Lifted Lexus. :-) March 2020 : ,Well, good-bye Japs, hello Germans. I sold my Lexus and bought a C7 Audi A6 with the same 3T motor. The car had 87,000 miles on it and I already added 5000 miles to it in 30 days :-). Here are the things I did so far to keep the car in good condition. Changed oil, did a carbon clean up (this engine has a history of carbon build up), topped up fluids and replaced the rear breaks since they were worn. The brake set costed me $260 ( pads and slotted rotors), $100 in labor for installing the brakes. Please don’t send messages telling me I paid $18 too much for a break job, I am not looking to squeeze every dollar every time. I also added a software tune (APR stage-1) the car now makes about 430 BHP and 0-to 60 miles come in 4.4 seconds in my initial tests. Jan 2021 at 97,000 miles - ,Check engine light came on, got it tested and it came out as an error from Fuel injector number-6, my local mechanic did a fuel injector service ($130), added a couple of bottles of fuel treatment fluid and cleared the error. The car is running just fine, if the error comes back this may require the fuel injector to be replaced. It is always a pleasure to drive this car, puts a smile every time I floor the pedal. :-) April 2021 at 99,000 miles ,- AC stopped blowing cold air and it turned out to be a failed compressor. Took the car to a local mechanic, total damage to the bank this time is $1100 including labor and parts.
What is a fuel injector?
The electronic control unit (ECU at engine management system) determines the precise amount and specific timing of required gasoline (petrol) dose for every cycle, by collecting information from various engine sensors. So, the ECU sends a command electrical signal of the correct duration and timing to the fuel injector coil. In that way opens the injector and allows petrol to pass through it into the engine. The one terminal of the injector coil is directly supplied by 12 volts which is controlled by the ECU, and the other terminal of the injector coil is open. When ECU determined the exact amount of fuel and when to inject it, activates the appropriate injector by switching the other terminal to the ground (mass, i.e. negative pole). The figure 1 under A, shows a typical build of a fuel injector for single-point injection system (SPI), and under B, shows a typical build of a fuel injector for multi-point injection system (MPI). Figure 1) Fuel Injector types:, ,A) Fuel injector for single-point injection system (SPI), 1.Fine petrol filter, 2.Electrical coil, 3.Returning spring, 4.Electrical connector, 5.Fuel outlet, 6.Armature, 7.Ball valve B) Fuel injector for multi-point injection system (MPI), 1.Returning spring, 2.Fine petrol filter, 3.Electrical connector, 4.Electrical coil, 5.Armature, 6.Needle valve In ,single-point injection system, is used only one common injector which is located before the throttle and injects the fuel for all cylinders. These types of injectors are usually with relatively ,lower impedance,. In ,multi-point injection system, is used one injector for each cylinder. The injectors are located after the throttle, and are positioned so that they point at the back of the inlet valves. These types of injectors are usually with relatively ,higher impedance,. Fuel Injector Impedance According to the used injection system type, usually there are two general impedance (electrical resistance) ranges for the injector coils: • High impedance injectors are generally used in multi-point systems and they are with an impedance in the range of 12 to 18 ohms (15 ohms ±3 ohms). • Low impedance injectors are generally used in single-point systems and they are with an impedance in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 ohms (1.5 ohms ±1 ohm). Fuel Injector Voltage and Current Signals The following diagram shows a voltage and current waveform of the signal which is common to most high impedance injectors. Diagram 1) ,The voltage and current waveform at high impedance injectors Voltage signal:, At point A, the injector is off. At point B, the ECU turns the injector on, by bringing the ground (mass) to the injector coil, so at point C the voltage drops to zero. At point D, the ECU turns the injector off. At this point there is an amount of stored energy in the injector coil, so a large back electro-motive force is generated which causes a large voltage spike at point E. This voltage is fast dissipated by the impedance of the injector coil and quickly returns to 12 volts at point F. Current signal:, At point A, the injector is off. At point B, the ECU turns the injector on, so at point C the current increases through the coil. When the magnetic field becomes strong enough to overcome the internal spring and fuel pressure, the needle lifts which produces a small dip in the current near at point D. The ECU turns the injector off at point E, so the current returns to zero at point F. The following diagram shows a voltage and current waveform of the signal which is common to most low impedance injectors. Diagram 2) ,The voltage and current waveform at low impedance injectors Voltage signal:, At point A, the injector is off. At point B, the ECU turns the injector on, by bringing the ground (mass) to the injector coil, so at point C the voltage drops to zero. When the ECU determined that the current flow is high enough to lift the needle, turns the injector off at point D. The stored energy in the injector coil causes the large voltage spike at point E, then the ECU pulses the injector on and off, faster than the injector can react, so the needle floats in an open position during F. When enough amount of fuel has been delivered, the injector is turned off. This produces a large voltage spike which immediate falls to 12 volts at point G. Current signal:, At point A, the injector is off. At point B, the ECU turns the injector on, so at point C the current increases through the coil. When the magnetic field becomes strong enough to overcome the internal spring and fuel pressure, the needle lifts which produces a small dip in the current at point D. To prevent overheating, the ECU starts to pulse the injector at point E. The pulses continue during F, and after the final pulse, the current returns to zero at point G.
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