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toyota hilux wheelbase

Penawaran Toyota Hilux bekas May

2020 Toyota RUSH S TRD SPORTIVO 1.5
Rp 203,00 Juta
Rp 4,78 Juta
/bln
9.823 km
4,5 tahun
Banten
2022 Toyota AVANZA G 1.5
Rp 200,00 Juta
Rp 4,71 Juta
/bln
12.211 km
2 tahun
Banten
2018 Mitsubishi XPANDER ULTIMATE 1.5
Rp 213,00 Juta
Rp 5,01 Juta
/bln
70.048 km
5,5 tahun
Jawa Barat
2018 Toyota RUSH S TRD SPORTIVO 1.5
Rp 211,00 Juta
Rp 4,97 Juta
/bln
71.494 km
6 tahun
Banten
2017 Mitsubishi XPANDER ULTIMATE 1.5
Rp 207,00 Juta
Rp 4,88 Juta
/bln
87.735 km
6,5 tahun
Banten

Lihat Lebih

Gambar Mobil Terkait toyota hilux wheelbase

Lihat Lebih

Mobil Terkait Toyota Hilux

Toyota
Toyota Hilux
RM 92,88 - 146,88 Juta
Toyota
Toyota Yaris
RM 70,94 - 84,81 Juta
Toyota
Toyota Vios
RM 74,62 - 95,28 Juta
Toyota
Toyota Avanza
RM 77,96 - 84,85 Juta
Toyota
Toyota Sienta
Belum Tersedia

Pesaing Mobil Toyota Hilux

Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi Triton
RM 79,89 - 141,50 Juta
Maxus
Maxus T60
RM 99,00 Juta
Nissan
Nissan Navara
RM 91,90 - 142,20 Juta
Isuzu
Isuzu D-MAX
RM 88,60 - 141,94 Juta
Mazda
Mazda BT-50
RM 106,75 - 118,05 Juta

Kamu Juga Suka

Berita Toyota Hilux

Gambar Toyota Hilux

Review Toyota Hilux

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Review Post toyota hilux wheelbase

Toyota, Hilux 07: 3.0L diesel I4 TRANSMISSION:5-speed manual, , 4-speed automatic WHEELBASE: 2850 mm #cars #toyota #facts

@DavidTa41814326 @GordonGD15 There some machine,I got the short wheelbase Toyota Hilux 3.0D in this week I actually picked it up not a fan of driving customers cars n that drives the same nice low down grunt but off road you can't stop these animals look how in Africa they still use the land rover 👍

@Toyota_Kenya The Hilux started production in March 1968 in short-wheelbase form with a 1.5 L inline-four engine, generating a maximum power output of 76 hp. The modification to the engine was enough for a claimed top speed of 130 km/h. #ToyotaHiluxKenya

@LordPente @Tesla @elonmusk @WholeMarsBlog @Real_Futurist @28delayslater Nice, that wheelbase falls nicely into the compact truck market like Toyota Hilux. Hoping the Wolverine is sold to US market as well as overseas.

2007 TOYOTA HILUX VIGO SINGLE CABIN 2.5L DIESEL TURBO 5M/T 2WD WHITE COLOR LONG WHEELBASE GOOD. Price: $12,800.00... http://t.co/S9B7rbW2kq

@limerick_au @Aviation_Intel The 70 series is still in production and the Toyota J120 and J150 vehicles are very capable (and affordable) IFS rigs as is the Hilux. Jeep is there as well as a shorter wheelbase option. Others as well.. Plenty to chose from both new and used.

Toyota Hilux is a Legend Reasons 13 - 15 13. First to offer a long-wheelbase in 1972 (2nd Generation). 14. In... http://t.co/d81GeXEUzC

A Toyota Hilux, a luxury long wheelbase Mercedes and an SUV, preferably Mercedes, Range Rover or Land Cruiser. lol https://t.co/haU5fnTxDK

Great work by our friends at Wheelbase Alloys on this 2013 Toyota Hilux using our Colorado by Calibre (Alloy... http://t.co/GBlEbTfBS1

What are some things that every professional Zimbabwean needs to have by the time they're 30?

Review Q&A toyota hilux wheelbase

What is the difference between a Toyota 4Runner V6 and a V8 engine? Which one is the best?

The V8 toyota engine is from the UZ family, this is the gasoline powered V8 engine which the 4runner had in the 4th generation prior to the 5th gen using the V6 engine from the GR family. The 4runner in the 4th gen used the 2UZ-FE which was a 4.7 L; 284.6 cu in (4,663 cc) version. Unlike its other UZ counterparts, this version uses a cast iron block to increase durability, as it was designed for low-revving, high-torque pickup and SUV applications. Its bore and stroke is 94 mm × 84 mm (3.70 in × 3.31 in). Output varies by implementation, but one VVT-i variant produces 202 kW (271 hp; 275 PS) at 4800 rpm with 427 N⋅m (315 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3400 rpm. JDM versions produce 173 kW (232 hp; 235 PS) at 4800 rpm and 422 N⋅m (311 lb⋅ft) at 3600 rpm, while Australian models produce 170 kW (228 hp; 231 PS) at 4800 rpm and 410 N⋅m (302 lbf⋅ft) at 3600 rpm. Like the 1UZ-FE, it has aluminum DOHC cylinder heads, MFI fuel injection, 4 valves per cylinder with bucket tappets, one-piece cast camshafts, and a cast aluminum intake manifold. For 2010, it was replaced by the 1UR-FE or 3UR-FE, depending on the country. However, this engine was used in the 4runner from 2002 - 2004. From 2005 until 2009 the 4runner had the 2UZ-FE engine variation which had VVT-iand electronic throttle control added to it. The ,1GR-FE, is the 4.0 L (3,956 cc) version, designed for longitudinal mounting in RWD and 4WD pickup applications. It has a bore and a stroke of 94 mm × 95 mm (3.70 in × 3.74 in). Output is 236 hp (176 kW; 239 PS) at 5200 rpm with 266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) of torque at 4000 rpm when tuned for 87 octane, and 240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) at 5200 rpm with 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) at 3700 rpm when tuned for 91 octane. This engine features Toyota's VVT-i or variable valve timing system on the intake cam and a compression ratio of 10.0:1. Service weight, including fluids, is 166 kg (366 lb). An updated version of this engine features Dual VVT-i which increases output to 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) at 5600 rpm and 278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) at 4400 rpm on 87 octane. Inside, the 1GR uses a “taper-squish" combustion chamber design with matching pistons to improve anti-knocking and engine performance, while also improving intake and fuel efficiency. Toyota adopted a siamese-type intake port, which reduces the surface area of the port walls and prevents fuel from adhering to such walls. This engine has special cast-iron cylinder liners cast into the block, which are a spiny type to improve adhesion between the liner and cylinder block. In the event of cylinder wall damage (scoring, deep protrusions, etc.), the entire cylinder block must be replaced. For increased block rigidity, the 1GR also receives a high temperature plastic insulator/protector, which fills the empty space between the outer portion of the cylinders and block material common to open deck engines. For increased cooling efficiency, the 1GR employs water passages between the bores of the engine. There are two such passages for each bank for a total of four. This reduces cylinder hot-spotting and keeps combustion chamber temperatures more uniform. A bolt-on TRD Supercharger Kit was available on the Tacoma and FJ Cruiser but has been discontinued by Toyota. The new 2015 Toyota HiLux receives a slightly different version of the single VVT-i engine, with the only change being a removal of an air intake baffle tank being replaced by a conventional air filter housing to intake pipe to surge tank style. The new intake pipe now contains resonators. Power output is unchanged. First generation 1GR-FE variants with single VVT-i features Toyota's Acoustic Control Induction System. This system consists of a bulkhead to divide the intake manifold into two sections, and an intake air control valve (in the bulkhead) to control its effective length. When the engine is operating at moderate revolutions and under high load, an actuator closes the intake air control valve to increase the effective length of the intake manifold. At other operating conditions, the intake air control valve opens up to reduce the effective length of the intake manifold. The VVT-i version was used in the 2002 - 2009 toyota 4runner meanwhile the dual VVT-i is used in the current generation 4runner since 2009 when the generation started. The reality is that both the 4.0 V6 and 4.7 V8 are great performing and reliable engines. The V6 is more fuel-efficient and requires slightly less maintenance while the V8 is smoother and offers better performance. You can’t go wrong with either – it all depends on how you use your 4runner. There are plenty of fans of both the 1GR V6 and the 2UZ V8 and most of them can’t be convinced that the other is just as good. The truth is that both engines can perform every task you would use an SUV for whether it’s off-roading, towing, or commuting. They’re both better at some things and worse at others. It might be hard for V6 owners to accept, but the V8 does in fact offer better performance numbers. There was a change to the SAE protocols for the way manufacturers measure the horsepower of their engines in 2004 and Toyota implemented it in 2006. This meant that while the engines still performed the same, both the V6 and V8 were rated at lower horsepower and torque in the later years. Both the 1GR-FE V6 and 2UZ-FE V8 are incredibly reliable engines. You really can’t go wrong with either and as long as you maintain them, they’ll easily last for 300,000+ miles. No engine is perfect though, and both of them do have a couple of issues that have been documented over the years. Maintenance Both the V6 and V8 engines require very little maintenance to keep them happy and healthy. It’s really just a matter of keeping the fluids clean and that’s it. The location of the oil filter on the V6 allows it to be reached easily without removing the skid plate unlike the V8 so it gets a bonus point there. The biggest difference between these engines is that the V6 has a timing chain while the V8 uses a belt. That timing belt needs to be replaced (typically along with the water pump while you’re in there) roughly every 100,000 miles. This is less of a big deal than people make it out to be – how often do you log 100,000 miles? Yes, it’s an added cost, but not one that you’ll need to deal with very often at all. Surprisingly, some people have chosen to gamble by not replacing the timing belt. Failures are rare and haven’t resulted in valve damage in both VVT-I and non-VVT-I models (despite them being considered “interference” engines). Of course, it’s recommended to stick with the proper service interval if you care about longevity. Towing As with any other typical use of an SUV, you can tow with both the V6 or the V8 just fine. Even with its lower 5,000 lb rating, the V6 4runners are on par with the other mid size SUVs that it competes with. The V8 4runners really shine when it comes to towing. With a 2,000 lb higher tow rating (7,000 lbs) they can certainly tow more, or more likely, tow the same load but much easier. That same torque curve that we saw in the graph above is what makes the biggest difference. All of that extra torque is delivered right in the RPM range that you’ll be at while accelerating with a heavy load. In order to do pull the same trailer in the same conditions, the V6 needs to work harder and at a higher RPM. The engine isn’t the only reason why the V8 4runners have a higher tow rating though. They also come equipped with a hitch that’s rated for more weight and a transmission cooler. The thing is though, if you tow 7,000 lbs regularly, even a V8 4runner might not be the best tool for the job. Power might not be an issue but they’re still a lighter weight SUV with a relatively short wheelbase – and because of that, a full size pickup like a Tundra will do a better job of controlling the load. Think of the 4runner’s towing ability as something you can use occasionally or rely on in a pinch, but for regular use you might want to reconsider a bigger truck. Rarity and future value Every generation of 4runner has offered a V6 engine. V8s however, can only be found in the 2003-2009 models. Out of 5 generations, the 4th Gen is the only one to have a V8 engine. And with the direction things seem to be heading in the auto industry, Toyota will never put a V8 engine in the 4runner ever again. This makes them very special. If the collector car market tells us anything, it’s that limited versions of popular vehicles will continue to stand out and be sought after. The V8 4runner is an unsuspecting little hot rod and because of that, has potential to be collectible in the future. We’re already seeing evidence of the V8 4runners becoming desirable. Take a look at the used market and there are very few listed for sale at any given time. The ones that you find often have a fairly high asking price. Is this a sign that the values have already bottomed out and will begin to climb in the future? We’ll just have to wait and see. Again, there’s nothing wrong with the V6 models. It’s just that they blend in with all the other 4runner generations as well as all the other platforms like the Tacoma and FJ Cruiser – they were popular and they all had a V6. While both require very little attention, the V6 takes the win here because of the timing belt replacement on the V8. AIP problems with the 2UZ V8 The air injection pump on the 2005+ V8s has been known to fail and can result in a very expensive fix if you take it to the dealership. There are cheap bypasses available that will disable the system to avoid any future problems from arising. In the event that the ECU goes into limp mode due to the flaps being stuck open, there are block off plates also available. Combining these with the bypass will trick the ECU into thinking everything is functioning normally. Cracked exhaust manifolds on the 2UZ V8 Perhaps one of the most common 4th gen 4runner problems is a cracked exhaust manifold. It happens to a lot of the v8s and creates an annoying (and embarrassing) ticking sound. The good news is that it rarely causes a big enough leak to trigger a Check Engine light or diagnostic trouble code. The engine will still run fine, it just makes a noise. Because of that, a cracked manifold shouldn’t really be considered a reliability issue as it won’t leave you stranded on the side of the road or cause a failure. Head gasket failure in the 2003-2004 model IGR V6 The V6 4runners are not completely immune to problems either. The most noteworthy is the head gasket failures in early model year 4th gens. From what I understand, these failures were due to a manufacturer defect in the gasket and were remedied by upgrading it in the 2005+ models. It wasn’t an issue with the design of the engine, just a weak part that needed to be improved. Aside from the above mentioned issues, both engines are rock solid. The fact that Toyota used these engines in other platforms for many years proves that they’re dependable. The 1GR V6 was used in the 4runner, Tacoma, FJ Cruiser, and Tundra. The 2UZ V8 was used in even more models – the 4runner, Tundra, Sequoia, Land Cruiser, and the Lexus GX 470 and LX 470. It’s interesting to note that Toyota only offered the V8 in the Lexus models. One could guess that this is because of its higher performance and/or smoother operation. It’s also worth mentioning that all of the famous “Million Mile Tundras” were equipped with the 4.7L V8 and not the 5.7L. There is speculation that the Japanese-built 4.7 in the 4runner and Lexus has stronger forged connecting rods than the American built 4.7 found in the Tundra and Sequoia. If that is indeed true, it’s really saying something if the “weaker” version of this engine is surviving 1 million miles in a pickup truck. In the end, you can’t go wrong with buying ,any, model of 4th Gen 4runner with ,any, options and ,any, engine. They’re all built really well and are both functional and reliable. Depending on your usage and priorities, you might find that one engine will suit you more than the other. It’s also worth noting that all of these comparisons are factoring in the 4runner being stock and unmodified. The V8 models will be able to handle the extra weight from bigger tires, armor, and accessories better than the V6 – and that should be considered if you have plans to build your future 4runner into a beast one day. If this comparison has taught us anything, it’s that the general statements about these engines in the 4th Gen 4runner are true: If you care about fuel efficiency and want the easiest option to maintain, get the V6. If you prefer the extra power and added character, the V8 is the way to go

What are some of the most economical armored fighting vehicles of today's militaries?

These are all good candidates for economical vehicles. Some are lightly armored. Top 10 Light Utility Vehicles Which is the best light military vehicle in the world? Which is the greatest military jeep-style vehicle and why? There are hundreds of various light utility vehicles that are being used for military service. Some of them are commercial designs, just repainted in military colors. The others are purpose-built tactical vehicles, that where specially designed for military use and operation in forward areas. The light utility vehicles are used to carry troops, staff, supplies, evacuate wounded soldiers and for other roles. Key factor for this Top 10 analysis are production numbers, how widespread is the specific light utility vehicle. How many countries use them. Other important factors, such as payload capacity, cross-country mobility, reliability are also considered. This Top 10 list includes only operational light utility vehicles. It do not includes vehicles that are being developed or received no production orders. Currently Top 10 military light utility vehicles in the world are these: Nr.1 ,HMMWV, (United States) Currently the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle, or HMMWV, is the most widely used military light utility vehicle in the world. It was designed by the AM General. Its production commenced in 1981. Initial batch of these utility vehicles was delivered to the US Army in 1983. It replaced in service the ,M151 series jeeps, and some other US military vehicles. Eventually the HMMWV became the vehicular backbone of the US forces. Over 160 000 of these light utility vehicles were built. The HMMWV is in service with more than 50 countries. Its production still continues. Furthermore numerous clones, copies and international variants of these vehicles are being built all over the world. The M998 is a baseline vehicle of the HMMWV family. It was designed primarily for personnel and light cargo transport. It is powered by a Detroit Diesel 6.2-liter diesel engine, developing 130 hp. Engine is mated with an automatic transmission. The HMMWV was designed for use over all types of roads. All-wheel drive, high power-to-weight ratio combining with high ground clearance give it good cross-country mobility. A wide track was designed to drive in tracks left by the main battle tanks. Vehicle is fitted with a central tyre inflation system, which is adjusted from the driver's station to suit various terrain conditions. This vehicle is air transportable and droppable from a variety of military transport aircraft. It can be carried underslung by some helicopters. In 1996 production of the M1114, an improved and armored variant, commenced. Armor of this vehicle provides protection against small arms fire and landmines. This variant is fitted with a larger and more powerful engine. There are over 20 variants of the HMMWV in service with the United States. These include troop/cargo carriers, ambulances, armament carriers, ,TOW, missile carriers, shelters, prime movers and so on. Some of the variants are armored. A civilian version of the HMMWV is the Hummer H1. Nr.2 ,Land Rover Defender, (United Kingdom) The Land Rover Defender entered production in 1990. Between 1983 and 1990 a similar utility vehicle was produced by Land Rover, but it was simply known as the Land Rover 90, -110, or -127. Only in 1989, with the introduction of a civilian Discovery model, Land Rover company decided to name its utilitarian off-road model the Defender in order to avoid confusion. The Defender light utility vehicles are in service with the British forces and are widely used around the world. Each year approximately 8 000-9 000 of Land Rover light utility vehicles were produced, and sold for military operators worldwide. The Defenders are manufactured in some countries, including Australia, Malaysia and Turkey. Production of the Defenders ceased in the UK in 2016. Jaguar Land Rover company announced their intention to launch a "new Defender". However it might be a totally different vehicle. The Land Rover Defender is available in various models, such as 90, 110 and 130. The number in the designation is a length of wheelbase in inches. All Land Rover vehicles come with a number of options, including open top with folding windscreen, or roll-over bar, additional fuel tanks. These military vehicles can withstand the most demanding off-road conditions. Vehicles carry troops, equipment or communication systems, depending on the role. Defenders are also used as weapon carriers, mobile workshops, shelter carries, ambulances, or light recovery vehicles. There are a number of armored versions of this vehicles, as well as open-top special forces vehicles. The General Service (GS) are the baseline Defenders with an open top, covered by a canvas cover. Such vehicles are capable of carrying 8-14 troops, depending on the model. There are also used to tow light artillery pieces. The FFR version with an all-metal body is often used as a mobile command post or signal vehicle. All Land Rover Defenders have a NATO standard towing jaw and are capable of towing a trailer with a maximum weight of up to 4 t. The Defenders are powered by 2.5-liter petrol or diesel engines, developing from 68 to 111 hp. There is also a more powerful 3.5-liter V8 petrol engine, developing 134 hp. Gearbox and transfer is standard across the range of military vehicles. The Land Rovers are popular for being easily maintained in the field, as only tools required to service these military vehicles are often just a hammer and a few spanners. Nr.3 ,Mercedes-Benz G-class, (Germany) The Mercedes-Benz G-class is also referred as Gelandwagen, G-Wagen, G-Wagon. In the German Army service it is known as the Wolf. The G-class was developed in the early 1970s as a military vehicle from the ground up. Production commenced in 1979. Since its introduction the G-class is also available for civilian customers as sport utility vehicle. This military vehicle was constantly improved. In 1990 the redesigned G-class replaced the ,Volkswagen Iltis, in the German Army service. Later it replaced the Iltis with Canadian Army. Currently the Mercedes-Benz G-class is still in production. It is in service with more than 60 countries. Each year 4 000 to 6 000 of these vehicles are produced both for military and civil customers. In some countries it is manufactured under license. The Mercedes-Benz G-class was developed for tough terrain conditions. It is available in various body styles and various wheelbase lengths. It is available with hard or open tops. It is also used as shelter carrier, ambulance and communication vehicle. A 6x6 model is also available for certain markets. Some vehicles have turret rings and are armed with machine guns or automatic grenade launchers. A light armor kit can be fitted in field conditions. Specially designed armored models are also available. The payload capacity of the G-class is about 500-1 500 kg, depending on the model. It can also tow light trailers or artillery pieces. Since its introduction a number of petrol and diesel engines have been fitted. Both manual and automatic gearboxes were available. Older vehicles have a selectable four-wheel drive. Modern G-class utility vehicles have a full-time all-wheel drive. This military vehicle made its reputation for reliability and ruggedness. The French ,Peugeot P4, military vehicle is a license produced version of the G-class, fitted with French engine, transmission and has a reshaped body. There is also another French Panhard VPS vehicle for special forces, which is also based on the G-class. Nr.4 ,UAZ-469, (Russia) The UAZ-469 was introduced in 1973. It was specially designed to fulfill military roles. The UAZ-469 was widely used by the Soviet military, as well as civilians. This vehicle was exported to around 70 countries worldwide. Over 2 000 000 of these light utility vehicles were produced. An updated variant, the UAZ Hunter, is still in production. Currently it is the only vehicle of its class, in service with the Russian Army. This robust off-road vehicle is simple in design and technology. Its simplicity allows for easy maintenance and repairs. Vehicle has an open-topped body with a soft canvas cover and detachable door tops. It is a very capable 4x4 vehicle, which can drive on any terrain. The UAZ-469 has a payload capacity of 800 kg. This off-road vehicle provides seating for the driver, plus 6 passengers with 100 kg of cargo, or alternatively one passenger and 600 kg of cargo. It can also tow trailers or light artillery pieces on cross-country terrain with a maximum weight of 850 kg. Vehicle is powered by a commercially available UMZ-452MI 2.45-liter petrol engine, developing 72 hp. A diesel engine is also available. Vehicle has a full-time all-wheel-drive. It is worth mentioning, that civilian version was not as capable cross country terrain. The UAZ-3151 is an improved version, produced since 1985. It is powered by new engines. The UAZ Hunter is the current version with some minor improvements, produced since 2003. Nr.5 ,Toyota Land Cruiser, (Japan) The Toyota Land Cruiser first appeared in 1953. It is not a purpose-designed military vehicle, but rather a commercial 4x4 vehicle, intended for civil market. However due to its unsurpassed reliability, durability and great off-road performance it is widely used by various military and paramilitary units, non-governmental organizations and militant groups from all over the world. The Land Cruiser was built in impressive numbers. Since its introduction in 1953 around 4 million of these vehicles were produced by Toyota. These vehicles were and still are license-produced in some countries, such as Columbia, Malaysia and Venezuela. The Land Cruisers are very popular in Africa, Middle East and South America. The 1980s war between Chad and Libya was named the Toyota War because of the heavy use of Land Cruisers by both parties. These pickup trucks are used to carry weapons and supplies. The Land Cruisers are often converted into improvised fighting vehicles, armed with heavy machine guns, mounted on a tripods. These improvised combat vehicles are called "technicals". Also there are numerous improvised modifications, fitted with anti-aircraft guns and missiles, anti-tank missiles, recoilless rifles and even artillery rocket systems. Currently the most often encounter models, used by military and paramilitary users, are the 70 series Land Cruisers. Production of the 70 series vehicles commenced in 1984 and still continues. Though over the years a number of modifications were made to these vehicles. Model 73 has a mid-length wheelbase, while the model 75 has long wheelbase. The model 77 is another long wheelbase version. In 1999 production switched to updated model 78 and 79. Most 70 series Land Cruisers were produced with either a two-door pickup body, or a two-door station wagon body. There is also a four-door pickup body, as well as armored versions. There are even dedicated light armored personnel carriers with fully enclosed armored hulls, based on model 79 chassis. These are Minerva Special Purpose Vehicles Panthera T6 and Streit Group Cougar. The current production Land Cruiser model 79 is powered by a 4.2-liter turbocharged diesel engine, developing 170 hp. Also there is a 4.5-liter diesel developing 202 hp, and 4-liter petrol, developing 227 hp. Engine is mated to a 5-speed manual transmission. There are different fuel tank sizes, so actual range of the vehicle varies depending from the engine type, body type, wheelbase length and so on. Toyota continued development and production of the Land Cruiser. Eventually 80, 90, 100 and 200 series appeared. However these luxury vehicles were intended for civilian market and lack off-road performance of the 70 series. These vehicles are more suited for non-frontline and paramilitary units, that operate in the rear echelon. The only exception was a 105 series which was a capable off-road vehicle. There is another pickup from Toyota, the Hilux, which is also used by various non-frontline and paramilitary units, as well as governmental organizations and militant groups. This light commercial vehicle is smaller than the Land Cruiser and has inferior cross-country performance. Though it is also favored by various military and paramilitary users due to its durability and reliability. It is suitable for non-tactical roles. The Toyota Hilux pickup is available with a two-door, or four-door cab. Nr.6 ,Pinzgauer, (Austria) The Pinzgauer was developed in Austria by Steyr-Daimler-Puch. This all-terrain vehicle was specially designed to meet military needs. Production commenced in 1965. Eventually it proved to be a very successful design. Since 1986 the original Pinzgauer was replaced in production by improved ,Pinzgauer 716, (4x4) and 718 (6x6) series vehicles. Currently the Pinzgauers are in service with many military users from all over the world. In all their forms the Pinzgauers have been produced in a bewildering array of models with hard or soft-tops, equipped for carrying either passengers or cargo. Some versions have provision to carry weapon systems or communication shelters. There are also command versions and some examples were used to carry 20 mm anti-aircraft guns. Ambulance versions with special panel bodies have been manufactured. All Pinzgauers have an excellent cross-country performance due to their high ground clearance and short wheelbase. Recently a ,Pinzgauer II, has been developed. This new-generation vehicle is available only with 6x6 configuration. It is larger and has more internal volume. Also it has increased mobility, payload, performance and protection. However so far this version received no production orders. Nr.7 ,Beijing BJ2022, (China) The Beijing BJ2022 is a Chinese light utility vehicle. It is also referred as "Yongshi" or Brave Warrior. It was jointly developed by Beijing Auto Works and Chrysler. A concept vehicle was revealed in 2002. Chinese Army got very interested in the project, as it was looking to replace the ubiquitous BJ212 and ,BJ2020, light utility vehicles. So a couple of prototypes were made specially for the Chinese army. Eventually it has been adopted. Production of the the BJ2022 began in 2005. Deliveries to the Chinese Army began in 2007. In 2009 due to financial troubles in the US the Chrysler left the joint venture and granted Beijing Auto Works the rights to continue production of this vehicle under its own name. Currently the BJ2022 is being produced in large numbers. It is the most widely used 4x4 vehicle in the Chinese army. It is also used by some paramilitary and law enforcement units. China produced around 500 000 units of BJ212, BJ2020 and BJ2022 series military vehicles. The BJ2022 is based on a Jeep Cherokee, but is longer and wider. The new vehicle is larger and more spacious than the older BJ2020. It is used as a troop and cargo transport, command vehicle or reconnaissance vehicle. A baseline BJ2022 has a fully-enclosed 4-door body. This vehicle has a 500 kg payload capacity. It carries 5 soldiers, including the driver. Windscreen can be folded over the bonnet and top and side windows removed in order to reduce vehicle height. It has a trailer hitch and can tow light trailers or artillery pieces with a maximum weight of 500 kg. Other body types are also available. There are 4-door vehicles with open top, 2-door vehicles with hard top, 2-door pickup, and possibly some other. Some of them can carry up to 8 men, including the driver. These vehicles have 500 kg or 750 kg capacity, depending on the version. Payload capacity corresponds with the towed load. A lightly armored version has also been developed. This vehicle is powered by a 3.2-liter turbocharged diesel engine, sourced from Nissan. It developed 140 hp. Civil versions are also available with a 2.7-liter petrol engine, also sourced by Nissan. Vehicle is fitted with a front-mounted self-recovery winch. Nr.8 ,IVECO 40.10, (Italy) The IVECO 40.10 is an Italian military vehicle, that fits the gap between light utility vehicles and light trucks. It is in service with the Italian Army. This vehicle is license-produced in some countries. The IVECO 40.10 has a payload capacity of 1.5 t and is used for a variety of tactical roles. It can be configured in a number of ways. It can also tow light artillery pieces and trailers. There is a whole host of variants. Driving cab is usually fitted with a soft top, however hard top is also available. Cargo compartment is of all-steel construction. It has folding seats along each side for 10 men. Windscreen can be tilted forward to reduce height. The IVECO 40.10 was designed for simple installation of different body types, such as van or ambulance. Vehicle can carry recoilless rifle or anti-tank guided missile launcher, as well as various machine guns. This vehicle was designed for high mobility both on and off road. It is based on a platform of the 1st generation ,IVECO Daily, commercial van. It is powered by Fiat 8142 turbocharged diesel engine, developing 103 hp. This military vehicle can be airlifted by the ,C-130 Hercules, transport aircraft. It can also be airdropped. The ,LSVW, is Canadian variant, produced by Western Star. It is in service with Canadian Armed Forces. The Nanjing NJ2046 is a Chinese version, locally produced by NAVECO. Nr.9 ,GAZ Tigr, (Russia) The The GAZ-2330 Tigr (,tiger,) is a high-mobility military vehicle was modeled after the US ,HMMWV,, but there are some conceptual differences between the two. The Tigr was developed alongside Emirati and Jordanian ,Nimr, and is a broadly similar vehicle. Production of the Tigr commenced in 2005. Currently it is in service with the Russian Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Internal Affairs. These vehicles are used to deploy rapid-reaction teams, escort convoys, conduct patrols. The GAZ Tigr is simple in design and technology. It has a payload capacity of 1 500 kg and fits the gap between light utility vehicles and light trucks. It is available with various body styles - passenger, armored, cargo. It can be tailored to suit various mission requirements. There are some specialized versions of this vehicle, such as an anti-tank missile carrier. The standard version provides seating for driver and 11 passengers. Other configurations accommodate 1+3, 2+4 or 2+7 soldiers. A 7.62 mm, 12.7 mm machine gun or 30 mm automatic grenade launcher can be mounted on top of the roof. An armored version of the Tigr is available. This armored version is 700 kg heavier, than the standard Tigr. Armor of this vehicle provides some degree of protection against small arms fire, artillery shell shrapnel and explosions. The GAZ Tigr is available with Cummins B-180 (5.9-liter, 180 hp), Cummins B-214 (5.9-liter, 215 hp) or GAZ-562 (3.2-liter, 197 hp) turbocharged diesel engine. It seems that other engines are also available. This vehicle is proposed with manual or automatic transmissions. The Tigr uses some proven automotive components of the ,BTR-80 APC, and ,GAZ Vodnik, light utility vehicle. This vehicle has a full-time all-wheel-drive. It is fitted with a central tyre inflation system. Nr.10 ,URO VAMTAC, (Spain) The URO VAMTAC (Vehiculo de Alta Movilidad TACtico or high mobility tactical vehicle) was developed to meet a Spanish armed forces requirement. It is similar in concept and design to the US ,HMMWV,. Production commenced in 1998. The URO VAMTAC is in service with the Spanish Army. Export operators are Belgium, Dominican Republic, Ireland, Malaysia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania and Venezuela. Vehicle has a payload capacity of 1 500 - 2 500 kg, depending on the version. It can tow trailers with a maximum weight of 1 500 kg. The VAMTAC is available in a number of variants with different body types. The main forms are pick-up, command/control and chassis-cab. Pick-up and chassis-cab variants are available with two-door, four-door or reduced size four-door version. The chassis-cab variant is used to mount a vide variety of shelters, or cargo bodies. The command/control variant has four-doors and cargo area, covered with soft, or sloping hard top. Open top models are available. Armored version of this light utility vehicle is also available. Its body is completely made of ballistic materials for a more effective protection. Around 25% of the Spanish Army VAMTACs are fitted with add-on ballistic protection. Vehicle can be armed with machine guns, grenade launchers, anti-tank guided missiles, 81 mm mortar, 106 mm recoilless rifle or short-range air defense missiles. The URO VAMTAC is available with a choice of two Steyr turbocharged diesel engines, developing 166 hp (URO VAMTAC I3) and 188 hp (URO VAMTAC S3). Vehicle is fitted with automatic transmission and has a full time all-wheel drive. It has good cross-country mobility. Vehicle is air-portable inside military transport aircraft. Also it can be carried as external load underslung by the ,CH-47 Chinook helicopter,. The VAMTAC can be parachute-delivered from low altitude. Numerous variants include ambulance, fire-fighting vehicle, command post, weapon carrier, cargo carrier. These are all good candidates as economical yet effective armored fighting vehicles. Top 10 Armored Personnel Carriers Do you know which is the best Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) in the world? Which is the greatest modern APC and why? Our Top 10 analysis is based on the combined score of protection, firepower, capacity and mobility. All of the armored vehicles mentioned here are great, however not all of them have seen combat during military operations yet. Analysis is based on specifications and available data. Why all APCs listed here are wheeled? Because currently there is a trend that tracked vehicles are retired from this role due to their poor protection against mines. Why all APCs listed here have 8x8 configuration? Because 8x8 configuration offers better overall mobility, internal volume and payload capacity. This list includes only operational vehicles, that are currently in production. After exhaustive research I was surprised with the results. Currently top 10 best armored personnel carriers in the world are these: Nr.1 ,AMV XP, (Finland) The Patria AMV XP is a newer, improved and more capable version of the ,Patria AMV,, which is currently one of the best armored personnel carriers in the world. The "XP" stands for Extra Payload, Protection and Performance. This armored vehicle was first publicly revealed in 2013. The Patria AMV XP was selected by Slovakia. Slovak military plans to order 81 of these armored vehicles for delivery between 2018 and 2024. The Patria AMV XP has a maximum combat weigh of 30 t. It is heavier than the standard AMV, which is already one of the heaviest and most protected armored personnel carrier in the world. Considering its protection levels, a well-armed the Patira AMV XP can be seen as a wheeled Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV), rather than a wheeled armored personnel carrier. It weights more, is better protected and packs heavier punch than most armored personnel carriers. In many respects it even outperforms many older IFVs, such as American ,M2 Bradley,, British ,Warrior,, or Russian ,BMP-2,. With maximum level of protection the front arc of the AMV XP withstands 30 mm armor-piercing rounds. All-round protection is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle also has a top-class mine protection. It withstands blasts equivalent to 10 kg of TNT under any wheel or anywhere under the hull. Uparmored AMV XP can survive hits of ,RPG-7, rockets. An NBC protection system is fitted as standard. The Patria AMV XP can be fitted with various weapon systems, either remotely controlled or turret-mounted weapons. A baseline armored personnel carrier is proposed with a remotely-controlled weapon station, armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun. Slovak armored vehicles will be fitted with a locally-produced Turra 30 remotely-controlled turret, armed with a 30 mm cannon, 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and two anti-tank guided missile launchers. This armored vehicle is powered by a Scania DC13 turbocharged diesel engine, developing 603 hp. The Patria AMV XP has amphibious capability. On water it is propelled by two rear-mounted waterjets. However once extra armor is fitted it is no longer amphibious. Nr.2 ,AMV, (Finland) The Patria AMV was developed in association with the Finish Defense Force. It revealed in 2001. This APC has significant export success. Export operators are Croatia, Poland and Slovenia. Some other countries also ordered this armored vehicle. With maximum level of protection the front arc of the AMV withstands 30 mm armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle also has a top-class mine protection. It withstands blasts equivalent to 10 kg of TNT. Two uparmored Polish Army vehicles were hit in Afghanistan by ,RPG-7, rockets, however armor was not penetrated and vehicles managed to return to base. The baseline version is armed with remotely-controlled 12.7 mm machine gun, or 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. This APC is fitted with a powerful engine, developing 490 or 540 hp. The baseline variant is fully amphibious. Nr.3 ,Piranha V, (Switzerland) The Piranha V is the latest and most protected vehicle of the MOWAG Piranha line. It was revealed in 2010. The Piranha V is in service with Monaco. Recently it was also selected by Denmark, Romania and Spain. Vehicle has an all-welded steel armor hull with integrated add-on composite modular armor. With maximum level of protection the Piranha V withstands 25 mm armor-piercing rounds all-round. Vehicle has a double floor with a V-shaped hull and is well protected against landmines and IED blasts. It withstands a 10 kg anti-tank mine blast under any wheel. This APC is also available with active protection system. In APC configuration this vehicle is proposed with a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, or 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. Though heavier armament can be also fitted. An uparmored and well armed Piranha V can be even considered as a wheeled infantry fighting vehicle. The Piranha V is fitted with a powerful engine, developing 580 hp. It has good off-road mobility due to its height-adjustable semi-active hydropneumatic suspension. Nr.4 ,LAV 6.0, (Canada) The Canadian LAV UP or LAV 6.0 is an upgraded version of the ,LAV III Kodiak,. It was developed by General Dynamics Land Systems. Upgrades were based on the lessons learned by the Canadian Army during combat operations. The General Dynamics Land Systems was awarded a contract to upgrade 616 Canadian Army LAV III vehicles to the new standard. It was planned that all of these vehicles will be upgraded until 2017. These will form the backbone of the Canadian armored vehicle fleet. The new LAV 6.0 is also being proposed for export customers. Saudi Arabia ordered a total of 900 LAV 6.0 armored vehicles in various versions. The upgraded LAV 6.0 weights significantly more than the original LAV III. A fully upgraded vehicle with add-on armor kit weights just over 28 t. Protection has been improved, though many of the core design elements remain the same. Currently it is one of the most protected armored personnel carrier in the world. It can be even considered as a wheeled IFV. The most notable difference of the upgraded LAV 6.0 is a double V-shaped hull. It was added for improved protection against landmines and improvised explosive devices. Crew members and troops are seated on energy absorbing seats. Vehicle retains a ceramic add-on armor kit of the original LAV III. It looks like with this kit maximum level of all-round protection is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds and the front arc withstands hits from 30 mm cannons. Cage armor can be installed for protection against anti-tank rockets and missiles. The baseline Canadian Army vehicle has a two-man turret, armed with an M242 Bushmaster 25 mm chain gun. This weapon has an effective range of 2.4 km. There is also a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. Another 5.56 mm machine gun is located on top of the roof. Other weapons can be also fitted. Saudi Arabia ordered the LAV 6.0 armored personnel carriers armed with 20- and 30 mm cannons. The LAV 6.0 has improved fire control system with an integrated target detection, recognition and identification system. It automatically corrects for target range and crossing speed. Turret sights have been upgraded. The new thermal sight and intensification sight have extended ranges. So overall surveillance capability of the vehicle improved. The gunner can spot a man at a range of 1.2 km. Furthermore the LAV 6.0 has got a new battlefield management system. This armored vehicle is powered by a 450 hp Caterpillar diesel engine. The LAV 6.0 is not amphibious. Nr.5 ,M1296 Dragoon, (USA) The M1296 Dragoon is an upgraded version of the ,M1126 Stryker, with significantly increased lethality. Its official designation is Infantry Carrier Vehicle - Dragoon, or ICVD. First operational M1296 Dragoon was delivered to the US Army in 2017. The M1296 Dragoon is a well protected and well armed APC. However it lacks protections for a true wheeled IFV. Still though it is better protected than many other contemporary armored personnel carriers, including Russian and Chinese designs. Maximum level of all-round protection with add-on ceramic armor is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. This vehicle was designed to survive mine blasts. It is claimed that Stryker series vehicles are superior to other armored personnel carriers regarding survivability against mines and improvised explosive devices. Dragoons employed in combat zones can be fitted fitted with steel cages, called slat armor, that provides protection against anti-tank rockets and missiles. Recently an explosive reactive armor kit was designed for this vehicle. The M1296 Dragoon is fitted with unmanned turret, armed with a 30 mm cannon. It can effectively engage lightly armored vehicles up to a range of 3 000 m. This cannon also fires airburst rounds that explode above the target. It allows to hit people hiding in trenches and behind walls. These rounds are also effective against unmanned aerial vehicles. There is also a coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. This APC is fitted with a battlefield information management system. It links up with other similarly equipped vehicles and command posts. It displays position information of friendly vehicles. These APCs operate in rapid deployment Stryker Brigade Combat Teams. Each brigade has more than 300 Strykers of all variants, including APCs, reconnaissance vehicles, 105 mm fire support vehicles, 120 mm mortar carriers, command vehicles, armored enginer vehicles, ambulances, anti-tank missile carriers and NBC reconnaissance vehicles. These brigades can be airlifted and deployed anywhere in the world within 96 hours. Nr.6 ,Terrex, (Singapore) The Singaporean Terrex is one of the latest and most advanced armored personnel carriers. It entered service with Singaporean armed forces in 2006. Maximum level of all-round protection is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle has a double V-shaped hull, which deflects mine blasts away from the vehicle. The Terrex can withstand up to 12 kg TNT explosion under the hull and the vehicle still keep on moving. The baseline version is armed with remotely-controlled 40 mm automatic grenade launcher and coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. Alternatively it can be fitted with remotely-controlled 12.7 mm machine gun. The Terrex is fitted with a powerful engine, developing 400 hp. This armored personnel carrier is exceptionally mobile due to its powerful engine and advanced independent suspension system. This APC is amphibious. Nr.7 ,Boxer, (Germany/Netherlands) The Boxer is one of the latest and most advanced armored personnel carriers. It was jointly developed by Germany and Netherlands. As with all German vehicles it is well engineered and reliable. It is a truly modular vehicle with interchangeable snap-in modules. It uses a single chassis for different purposes, including infantry carrier, command vehicle, ambulance, supply carrier and so on. Modules can be replaced in less than an hour. Some other armored vehicles are also claimed to be modular. However they never really exploit their modularity. Modular armor of the Boxer is made with special ceramic mix. Every mission module has its own primary safety cell. It is claimed that front armor withstands 30 mm rounds. All-round protection is against 12.7 mm fire. Damaged armor slabs can be easily replaced in field condition. The triple hull floor is shaped for maximum protection against anti-tank mines. Also this APC has low radar and acoustic signatures, making it harder to detect. Despite being well protected the standard Boxer is armed only with remotely controlled 12.7 mm machine gun, or 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. There are some proposed versions with turret-mounted cannons. Nr.8 ,Bumerang, (Russia) The Bumerang is a new-generation Russian armored personnel carrier. It was developed to replace the BTR-series APCs. The Bumerang was first publicly revealed in 2015. During the same year a handful of pre-production vehicles were delivered to the Russian Army. Initially it was planned that full-scale production could begin in 2016. However it was delayed due to funding problems. It is estimated that Russian Army has a requirement for around 2 000 Bumerang armored personnel carriers. The Bumerang is a clean sheet design. It is not based on any previous Russian APC. Actually it resembles Western wheeled armored vehicles. Design flaws of the previous Soviet and Russian APCs, such as rear-mounted engine, side exit and cramped crew compartment were fixed. It is believed that maximum level of all-round protection with add-on armor is against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle has a V-shaped hull and can survive mine blasts. The Bumerang is fitted with remotely-controlled turret, armed with a 30 mm cannon, coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun and 4 launchers with ,Kornet-M, anti-tank guided missiles. There is also a version armed with a single 12.7 mm machine gun. Vehicle is fully-amphibious. On water is is propelled by two waterjets. Nr.9 ,Pandur II, (Austria) The Pandur II is a further development of the previous successful ,Pandur APC,. The Pandur II is also a commercial success. It is in service with Austria, Czech Republic and Portugal. Slovenia produces this APC under license. The Slovenian version, known as Krpan has some improvements. Maximum level of all-round protection with add-on armor is against 14.5 mm ammunition. The baseline version has a flat bottom though, which do not protect well against landmines. The baseline version is armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun. There is a wheeled IFV version, armed with a remotely-controlled 30 mm cannon. Some variants of this APC are fully amphibious. Nr.10 ,AV8, (Turkey) The AV8 armored personnel carrier was developed in Turkey by FNSS to meet a Malaysian Army requirement. It evolved from the Turkish ,Pars,, which in turn was developed by American GPV. First vehicles were delivered to Malaysia in 2013. F ront arc provides protection against 14.5 mm armor-piercing rounds. All-round protection is against 7.62 mm armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle has a V-shaped hull and withstands blasts equivalent to 8 kg of TNT under any wheel and 6 kg under the hull. The most numerous version of this APC is fitted with a 30 mm cannon and coaxial 7.62 mm machine gun. Some APCs will also have anti-tank guided missile launchers. Vehicle is fitted with a powerful engine, developing 523 hp. It seems that the AV8 has the same sophisticated active suspension, used on the GPV armored vehicles and the Pars.

What is your favorite 80s car model?

Oh it is so hard for me to choose just one. So unfortunately I can’t answer your question as asked. However here are my favorites: Full-Size: GM B/D body cars and Ford Panther platform cars (tie). Think Chevy Caprice (and it’s variants) and Ford Crown Victoria (and its variants) Mid-Size: Ford Fairmount. Why? Because it is a more rigid and longer wheelbase Fox platform car. The same platform as a Mustang. That means it is a boxy unassuming grandpa car that can accept all the 5.0 Mustang speed parts. Compact: Toyota Corolla E70 platform (the last Rear Wheel Drive Corolla) Full Size Pickup: 1987 and earlier Chevy/GMC “Square Body” Compact Pickup: Toyota Pickup (HiLux) Sports Car: Toyota Supra 1st & 3rd gen. (1st gen. is technically a 70’s car but it ran into 1981) & Datsun/Nissan 280ZX(tie)

What is the best SUV to buy in 2021?

New Audi Q3 The wait for the second-generation Audi Q3 has been a long one. Revealed in 2018, the new Q3 has moved further up the ranks in terms of its design, size and features, and with the Q2 taking over as the entry-level Q model, the Q3 has been allowed some room to grow. Design-wise, the second-gen Q3 is clearly inspired by the bigger Q8, and thanks to the increase in dimensions, will be roomier than its predecessor. In international markets, the new Q3 is equipped with adaptive dampers, park assist, Audi’s 12.3-inch Virtual Cockpit digital instruments display, an 8.8-inch touchscreen infotainment system with voice controls, Apple Car Play and Android Auto, and a Bang & Olufsen sound system. For India, Audi is most likely to offer the new Q3 with a 2.0-litre petrol engine only, paired with a 7-speed dual-clutch auto gearbox. That said, the standard Q3 may be preceded by the high-performance RS Q3, which is also set for an India launch. When it arrives in 2021, the new Audi Q3 will rival the BMW X1, Volvo XC40 and the second-gen, Mercedes-Benz GLA. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P ,Price ,Rs 40–50 lakh Audi Q5 Facelift The Q5 hasn’t been part of Audi’s India portfolio since the BS6 emission norms came into effect, but the SUV is set to return in facelifted form next year. Among key changes on the outside are a new octagonal ‘Single frame’ grille, LED headlights, OLED tail-lights, revised front and rear bumpers and new wheel designs. Inside, the updated Q5 will benefit from a larger 10.1-inch touchscreen and connected car tech. Expect the Q5 to borrow the 245hp, 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engine from the A6 sedan, paired to a 7-speed dual-clutch automatic and Quattro all-wheel-drive. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P ,Price ,Rs 55–60 lakh Audi Q7 Facelift Like the A4 and Q5, the ,Q7,, too, has been missing from Audi’s India range for quite some time now, but it will make a comeback in 2021. The updated Q7 gets a number of styling changes that lend it a more butch look that’s in line with the latest SUVs from Audi. The Q7’s interior has also been redone, with the switch to Audi’s new-age, twin-touchscreen MMI infotainment system. A 3.0-litre V6 petrol will likely be the sole engine on offer in India. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,3.0 P ,Price ,Rs 80–85 lakh Citroën C21 Compact SUV Citroën will follow up its debut offering, the C5 Air cross, with a brand new compact SUV. Codenamed C21, it’s based on the PSA Group’s new Common Modular Platform (CMP), designed for developing markets. It’s expected to bear familiar Citroën crossover design cues, like a split headlight setup, chunky alloy wheels and heavy body cladding all around. Powering the C21 will be a 1.2-litre turbo-petrol engine, which is expected to be the only engine on offer. Sources say this engine is being benchmarked against Maruti Suzuki’s engines for refinement and fuel efficiency. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,1.2 P ,Price ,Rs 7–11 lakh BMW X3 and X4 Facelifts The third-generation BMW X3 – launched in India in 2018 – is due for a mid-life update in 2021. Every BMW Life Cycle Impulse (LCI) – mid-life refresh in BMW-speak – brings a number of cosmetic changes, and the updated X3 is expected to get sharper, slimmer headlights and styling that brings it more in line with the current 3 Series. It’s also likely to have upgraded infotainment, features and new tech, which will be mirrored by the X4 LCI that is also expected to be launched in India next year. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.0 D, 3.0 D ,Price ,Rs 62–68 lakh Citroën C5 Aircross The model that will mark Citroën’s India entry is the C5 Aircross. It was originally slated for a late-2020 launch, but the COVID-19 pandemic forced the PSA Group to push it to the first quarter of 2021. The C5 Aircross is quintessentially French, and will certainly attract attention with its novel design and quirky styling. The 5-seat SUV is expected to be offered in a single, fully-loaded variant and is likely to come with features such as an electronic parking brake, dual-zone climate control, a hands-free tailgate, full-LED headlamps with DRLs, a panoramic sunroof, a powered driver’s seat, an 8.0-inch touchscreen infotainment system, and a 12.3- inch digital instruments screen. Powering the SUV will be a 2.0-litre diesel engine good for 180hp, mated to an 8-speed torque-converter automatic gearbox. While the C5 Aircross will be locally assembled, it’s expected to be priced upwards of Rs 30 lakh. At this price, the SUV will do battle with the likes of the Hyundai Tucson, Jeep Compass and the facelifted Volkswagen Tiguan. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 D ,Price ,Rs 30 lakh New Force Gurkha The hard-nosed Force Gurkha has received a thorough revamp. Design changes include new bumpers, headlights with LED DRLs, revised tail-lights and a different grille. It’s based on a new ladder-frame chassis and has been designed to meet the new crash test and pedestrian-protection norms. Force has tried to lend the new Gurkha a more upmarket feel on the inside. The interior has a dual-tone colour scheme, a redesigned dashboard and a touchscreen infotainment system. As before, it will be available in 3- and 5-door forms, and a two-wheel-drive version will be on offer too. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,2.2 D ,Price ,Rs 10–12 lakh Ford EcoSport Facelift 2021 will bring a major update for the Ford Eco Sport. The pioneer of the compact SUV segment is set to be facelifted and will receive significant sheet metal changes and styling tweaks, along with using Mahindra’s 1.2-litre T-GDI engine that will serve as a replacement for the 1.0-litre Eco Boost engine in the Eco Sport. The 1.2-litre T-GDI (Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection) unit belongs to Mahindra’s new mStallion family of petrol engines. Codenamed G12, the BS6- compliant engine produces a healthy 130hp and 230Nm or torque. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,1.2 P ,Price ,Rs 11–13 lakh Ford C SUV Ford is working on a new C SUV, codenamed CX757, it will share its platform and other mechanicals with the next-gen XUV500, and will take on the Tata Harrier and MG Hector, slotting in above the likes of the Hyundai Creta and Kia Seltos. It will also be designed by renowned design house Pininfarina. When Ford’s new SUV arrives closer to the end of 2021, it is expected to borrow the new XUV500’s 185hp, 2.2-litre diesel and 190hp, 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engines. Coming ,End-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.2 D ,Price ,Rs 14–20 lakh Ford Ranger Raptor Ford’s renowned Ranger pick-up truck (on which the Endeavour is based) will make its way to India next year. Leveraging the 2,500-unit rule for CBUs, Ford will ship in the performance version of the Ranger, named the Raptor. The Raptor is powered by an twin-turbo version of the Endeavour’s 2.0-litre Panther diesel engine. In bi-turbo guise, it makes 213hp with a solid 500Nm. The pick-up’s four-wheel-drive system channels power via a 10-speed automatic gearbox. It also gets long-travel suspension with Fox dampers, a six-mode Terrain Management System (TMS), high-range and low-range settings and BF Goodrich tyres. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 D ,Price ,Rs 70–80 lakh Seven-Seat Hyundai Creta The Hyundai Creta family will grow in 2021 with the arrival of a new 7-seat derivative. However, it won’t be called Creta, and will instead have a completely different name. This is to help differentiate it from the 5-seat Creta, which will continue, positioned below the new model, in the Hyundai line-up. The 7-seater will sport styling tweaks up front, but the bigger design changes will be at the rear, as this will be a longer vehicle with a more upright rear section. Expect the 7-seat model to use the same 1.5-litre petrol and diesel engines, as well as a 1.4-litre turbo-petrol, as the Creta. Coming ,Late 2021 ,Engines ,1.4 P, 1.5 P, 1.5 D ,Price ,Rs 13–20 lakh Seven-Seat Jeep Compass Codenamed ‘project 598’, Jeep’s D SUV will be based on the Compass’s monocoque platform, but it will be much longer to accommodate the third row of seats. Its wheelbase will also be increased over the standard Compass to balance the extra length (and aid stability), which could result in better cabin space, especially in the middle row. Powering this 7-seater will be FCA’s familiar 2.0- litre diesel engine, which does duty in the Compass, the Tata Harrier and the MG Hector, but in a higher 200hp state of tune. A 9-speed torque-converter automatic with all-wheel drive will also be part of the package. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 D ,Price ,Rs 30–35 lakh Isuzu V-Cross, MU-X BS6 With BS6 norms coming into effect this year and the COVID-19 lockdown halting operations for all carmakers, Isuzu was forced to push back the introduction of its BS6 model range, and has effectively had no passenger vehicles to sell for the majority of 2020. That is set to change in early 2021, as Isuzu will roll out BS6 versions of the V-Cross lifestyle pick-up truck and the MU-X SUV. What’s worth noting is that these will be upgraded versions of the BS4 models, and not the new-generation models that have been revealed abroad. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,1.9 D, 2.5 D (V-Cross); 3.0 D (MU-X) ,Price ,Rs 17–21 lakh (V-Cross); Rs 28–30 lakh (MU-X) Jaguar F-Pace Facelift As part of a mid-life update, the F-Pace will get a number of exterior changes and also an overhauled interior. The LED head-and tail-lights are slimmer than before, the wheel options are new, and the front and rear bumpers have also been redesigned. Inside, the dashboard is all new and features an 11.4- inch tablet-like touchscreen. A big addition to the F-Pace is the company’s new Pivi Pro infotainment system. In India, the F-Pace is expected to come with a 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engine and a 2.0-litre diesel, and hybrid versions may be offered too. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.0 D ,PRICE ,Rs 68–75 Lakh Land Rover Discovery Facelift Land Rover, recently revealed the mid-life update for the fifth-gen Discovery, which features a refreshed design, new tech and a set of hybrid powertrain options. Tweaks to the head- and tail-lights, grille and bumpers aside, the facelift also gets a tablet-style 11.4-inch touchscreen with the Pivi Pro infotainment system and a new steering wheel inspired by the one on the Defender. There will be a set of new-generation engines, including a 2.0-litre, four-cylinder petrol, as well as 3.0-litre petrol and diesel straight-six engines; the latter two will now feature a 48V mild-hybrid system. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 3.0 P, 3.0 D ,Price ,Rs 78–90 lakh Mahindra Bolero Neo Even after all these years, the Bolero remains a key pillar for Mahindra, continuing to rack up strong sales month after month. In 2021, the trusty, utilitarian workhorse is set to receive its biggest overhaul in years. Mahindra will roll out the Bolero Neo, which will be based on a new-age ladder-frame chassis. And while the Bolero won’t stray too far from its boxy, upright design, it will look more modern and will have a better-appointed (and equipped) interior. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,1.5 D ,Price ,Rs 8–9.5 lakh Mahindra TUV300 Facelift After receiving an update in 2019, the Mahindra TUV300 family will return in the BS6 era with another facelift. Caught testing on multiple occasions, the standard 7-seat TUV300 is expected to get a host of styling changes and a longer features list, along with an upgraded 1.5-litre, three-cylinder diesel engine. The larger TUV300 Plus will also make a comeback with cosmetic tweaks that will mirror those on the smaller TUV. Also expected are captain’s chairs for the second row and a forward-facing third row. Coming ,Early 2021 ,Engines ,1.5 D (Std), 2.2 D (Plus) ,Price ,Rs 9–11 lakh (Std), Rs 10–12 lakh (Plus) New Mahindra Scorpio 2021 will see the launch of an all-new Mahindra Scorpio. The new-gen SUV will be wider and longer than before, based on an updated ladder-frame chassis with all-new body panels. That said, it’s expected to retain the upright silhouette that has defined it since it was first launched in 2002. The interior will be plusher and have a completely new design, too, borrowing certain parts from newer Mahindra models. Under the hood, the new Scorpio will come with a 140hp, 2.2-litre diesel and also the new 2.0-litre turbo-petrol engine from the Thar. Coming Mid 2021, ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.2 D ,Price ,Rs 12–16 lakh New Mahindra XUV500 Originally set for a 2020 debut, the new Mahindra XUV500 is now likely to arrive by March 2021. It is expected to have a plusher interior with a dual-screen setup, advanced driver assistance systems and both, petrol and diesel engine options. The petrol engine will be the 2.0-litre mStallion unit – which recently debuted on the second-gen Mahindra Thar – albeit transversely mounted, of course, and in a higher state of tune, developing 190hp. The 2.2-litre mHawk diesel, meanwhile, is expected to put out a substantial 180hp. Both engines are expected to get a 6-speed manual as well as a 6-speed torque converter automatic, and an all-wheel-drive system is also likely to be offered on higher variants. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.2 D ,Price ,Rs 13–19 lakh Mahindra XUV300 1.2 M-stallion Though the XUV300 is already available with a BS6-compliant, 1.2-litre turbo-petrol engine, it will soon add a new-gen, 1.2-litre, direct-injection turbo-petrol from Mahindra’s mStallion family to its roster. Paired with a manual gearbox, the new engine will put out 130hp and 230Nm, which is 20hp and 30Nm more than the current petrol engine. The XUV300 with this new engine made its debut at the 2020 Auto Expo in ‘Sportz’ form, with exterior decals and an all-black cabin with red accents, but the car was never launched. Expect to pay a premium over the current XUV300 petrol variants that retail for Rs 8.3-11.84 lakh. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,1.2 P ,Price ,Rs 10.5–12.5 lakh Maruti Suzuki Jimny If online chatter is anything to go by, the Jimny is one of the most awaited launches of 2021. India will get the Jimny in a new, larger 5-door body style that’s in development. A larger cabin and the addition of rear doors will make this 5-door Jimny more suitable to family buyers, but what will be interesting to see is how the stretched dimensions, particularly the longer wheelbase, impact the off-roader’s ability in the rough. Size aside, the Jimny 5-door will be no different to the 3-door model in its basic ingredients. It will be built on a ladder-frame chassis, feature rigid axles at both ends, and employ four-wheel drive with a low-range transfer case. The India-spec 5-door will be powered by the 105hp, 1.5-litre K15B petrol engine that can also be found in the Maruti Suzuki Ciaz, Ertiga and Vitara Brezza. Maruti will retail the Jimny 5-door at its premium Nexa outlets, with prices to start at just under Rs 10 lakh. Production of the Jimny is set to commence in December 2020 for exports, and will only be launched for Indian customers in the second half of 2021. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 10–12 lakh New Maruti Suzuki Vitara Brezza Maruti Suzuki hit the nail on the head with the Vitara Brezza compact SUV. Launched in 2016, the Brezza quickly rose to the top of the segment, but five years later, the first-gen model will be due for replacement. For the second-gen model, Maruti is likely to stick with the rugged, squared-off and upright stance that made the Brezza so popular, and also focus on retaining its roomy back seat and large boot. It’s expected to be based on Suzuki’s Heartect platform and be notably lighter and more efficient than its predecessor. The new Brezza could also bring back ,Maruti’s 1.5-litre diesel engine,. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 8-12 lakh New Mercedes-Benz GLA Originally set to be launched in 2020, the second-generation Mercedes-Benz GLA will now be launched early in 2021. The new-gen SUV aims to build on its predecessor’s success, but replaces its rounded design and hunkered-down appearance with a more upright stance and muscular styling on the outside. On the inside, the new GLA will offer more in the way of space and is also set to introduce features that weren’t present in its predecessor. The GLA will be offered with petrol and diesel engines, and the hotter AMG GLA 35 could be on the cards as well. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P, 2.0 D ,Price ,Rs 38–45 lakh Skoda Kushaq Among all ,Skoda,’s launches slated for 2021, arguably be the most important will be the much-awaited Kushaq mid-size SUV. Scheduled to make its world premire in March, the SUV will be the first offering from the Volkswagen Group’s India 2.0 plan and will be based on the heavily localised MQB A0 IN platform. Previewed by the Vision IN concept seen here and set to precede the launch of the ,Volkswagen Taigun, – which it shares its underpinnings with – the ,Skoda Kushaq, will be over 4.2m long and will have a 2,671mm wheelbase, which promises ample space for rear seat passengers. 1.0- and 1.5-litre turbo-petrol engine options will be on offer with manual and automatic gearbox options. Coming ,Mid 2021 ,Engines ,1.0 P, 1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 10–16 lakh Renault Kiger The next big thing from Renault is the Kiger compact SUV. Previewed by the Kiger concept (80 percent of it is said to be shared with the final, road-going model, design-wise), the production version will be based on Renault- Nissan’s global CMF-A+ modular platform that also underpins the Triber and the recently-launched Nissan Magnite. Renault’s first sub-four-metre SUV is set to be positioned at the lower end of the compact SUV market. In order to keep costs in check, the Kiger will share parts and components with the Triber and other Renault models, and will have some familiar bits on the inside. Along with a 72hp, 1.0-litre, naturally-aspirated engine, there will also be a 100hp, 1.0-litre turbo-petrol option. There will be no diesel engine on offer. Gearbox choices will include a 5-speed manual and an AMT for the naturally-aspirated petrol, while the turbo variant is also set to get a CVT automatic option. While it will be positioned in the lower-half of the compact SUV segment, price-wise, expect it to be at a bit of a premium compared to the Magnite. Coming ,Early-2021 ,Engines ,1.0 P ,Price ,Rs 5.5-10 lakh Tata HBX Tata Motors has confirmed that the final, production-spec mini-SUV, based on the ,HBX, concept, will be ,launched by March 2021,. It will be the second Tata model, after the Altroz, to be based on the carmaker’s new ALFA platform, and will slot in below the Nexon in the company’s SUV range. The production-spec HBX’s interior is likely to remain largely the same as that of the concept we saw at Auto Expo 2020, minus some of the trinkets. Speaking of features, the HBX is expected to get a part-digital instrument cluster, automatic climate control and a free-standing touchscreen infotainment system. It could also debut the direct-injection version of Tata’s 1.2- litre turbo-petrol engine. While the base engine option is expected to be the same 1.2-litre, naturally-aspirated petrol also found in the Tiago, Tigor and Altroz, the 1.2-litre turbo-petrol with direct injection will likely be a significantly more powerful alternative. Gearbox options for the Tata HBX will likely include a 5-speed manual and an AMT. There will be no diesel engine on offer, but Tata is working on an all-electric version of the HBX, which should arrive in a couple of years. Coming, Early-2021 ,Engines, 1.2 P ,Price, Rs 4.5–7.5 lakh MG ZS The ZS range will expand with the arrival of a 1.5 naturally-aspirated and a 111hp, 1.0-litre, direct-injection turbo petrol engine. The latter will be offered with a 6-speed dual-clutch transmission and is set to sport a sub-Rs 10-lakh starting price. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,1.0 P, 1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 10–16 lakh New Range Rover The new-gen Range Rover will be the first Land Rover to use JLR’s Modular Longitudinal Architecture (MLA), is expected to derive styling cues from the Velar and feature rear-wheel-steering. Coming ,End-2021 ,Engines ,3.0 P, 3.0 D, 4.4 P ,Price ,Rs 2–4.5 crore Skoda Kodiaq Petrol The previously diesel-only Kodiaq will return as a petrol-only model, with the venerable 2.0-litre TDI being replaced by the 190hp, 2.0-litre TSI mill. This engine will be offered with a 7-speed DSG automatic. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.0 P ,Price ,Rs 33–37 lakh Toyota Hilux Widely considered to be among the hardiest, most reliable vehicles ever made, the ,Toyoyo, Hilux is a pick-up with an enviable reputation. What will come as welcome news for those keen to have the Hilux in India is that it’s based on the same IMV platform as the ever-popular ,Innova Crysta, and ,Fortuner,, and also has the same powertrains, which will help Toyota keep costs in check. And talking of costs, Toyota is targeting an aggressive starting price of Rs 15 lakh for the Hilux, which will rival the Isuzu V-Cross. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,2.4 D, 2.8 D ,Price ,Rs 15–20 lakh Volkswagen Tiguan Facelift Updated for 2021, the ,Volkswagen Tiguan, now sports a number of design changes, including a slimmer grille and restyled LED headlights. When it returns to India, the 5-seat Tiguan will be powered by the same 150hp, 1.5 TSI turbo-petrol engine and 7-speed DSG automatic as the T-Roc. To keep prices in check, the Tiguan facelift will only be available in front-wheel-drive form and is likely to be assembled at Volkswagen’s Chakan plant, near Pune. Expect aggressive pricing for the updated Tiguan. Coming ,Late-2021 ,Engines ,1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 26-29 lakh Volkswagen Taigun Volkswagen,’s long-awaited Taigun is set to make it to showrooms some time in the middle of 2021. This new mid-size SUV is based on the same MQB A0 IN platform as the upcoming Skoda mid-size SUV, and while both SUVs will look different, the Taigun will share most of its mechanicals. Inside, the Taigun will have a digital instruments display and a large touchscreen infotainment system with connected-car tech. It’s expected to come with 1.0- and 1.5-litre TSI petrol engines, as well as manual and automatic gearbox options. Coming ,Mid-2021 ,Engines ,1.0 P, 1.5 P ,Price ,Rs 10–16 lakh

Can Toyota Tacoma be used for towing a 5000lbs GVW travel trailer?

It ought to very easily tow 1½ tonnes and the specified limit you mentioned, just above that seems right. Toyota are not known for overstating capabilities. However, a Tacoma is really a car, not a tow truck. They can tow of course, but that was obviously not high on the list of priorities when they set out to design that range. I owned its big brother - Tundra 4x4 with the 5.7 engine. Stupidly fast by any means and it made a racket like a well tuned Ferrari if you stomped it and let rev to the limiter through a superb 6 speed auto. But it was pretty hopeless at towing. Too softly sprung, lots of power but never when or where it was needed, to pull anything more than a few people. Not enough weight over the rear axle, so even towing a small jetski (600 kg all up) I often needed to select 4WD, otherwise grey smoke would appear from the wheel wells. But, the Tundra 4WD is just for decoration, really and you don't want to drive with it engaged. Haven't driven the Tacoma so not qualified to comment directly. In NZ, the smaller Hilux is very popular - every second farmer seems to have one. They seem to be built in a more utilitarian manner, more like trucks. They have smaller engines, usually turbodiesel but with great torque output and manual transmission. They'll tow a 3 tonne boat without complaint (with trailer brakes) and with more confidence than my far more powerful and heavier Tundra was able. The Hilux is built for hard work, consequently they are not that great when used as a car. But my true favourite is the original FJ40 short wheelbase Landcruiser with 4.2 litre six cylinder engine (originated from the 250ci Chevrolet Blue Flame). Manual transmission only and 4WD with the classic dual range transfer case as standard. Slow, bumpy, noisy and brutal but they can tow almost anything. Much loved OPEC also, they're not frugal.

Which is the better off road truck the Toyota Tundra, Toyota Land Cruiser or Toyota Tacoma?

The Land Cruiser (especially the diesel versions available outside North America) is legendary in its off-road prowess and longevity/reliability. See ,Alex Train,’s response. Personally, of the choices you asked about, I would go with the Tacoma (or the Hilux if outside North America). But this also depends on where you are planning to go. If you are crossing glaciers, deserts, or other wide open off-road terrain, the Land Cruiser is great (massive balloon tires sometimes fitted aftermarket). If you are going through forests, jungles, or other areas with lots of trees or other similar obstacles, the narrower Hilux/Tacoma would be better. Some of the classic/vintage Land Cruisers would likely be narrow enough. Differences in wheelbase, track, suspension, engine, transmission, transfer case, skid plates, fuel (& range on a tank), options (locking diffs, etc.) all make or break an off-road vehicle. There isn’t one vehicle which is best. There is a best for a particular mission, a particular type of terrain. Everything else is a compromise between one thing and another and would do famously in location x, not so well in location y, and fail utterly in location z. Currently, the vehicle I’m considering is the 2006-ish Subaru Forester with a manual transmission. The Subie is just a little less reliable than Toyota, but I’m a serious car guy and I can fix almost anything. However, the Subie has a boxer (horizontally opposed or 180° “vee”) engine which lowers the CG, making a more stable vehicle. It can carry my cables, etc. for my IT/Surveillance work and it can take light to moderate off-road trips for camping with our Boy Scout troop (I am an Assistant Scout Master). I take my current 1998 Toyota Camry camping when the weather is dry and it handles the dirt/gravel roads here in Texas just fine. But if it rains, I’m up a creek. The AWD Subie would handle varied weather on those same dirt/gravel roads and blacktop with aplomb.

Why does Toyota Fortuner sells more than Ford Endeavour even if Endeavour is better than Fortuner in all aspects?

Its mainly because the 1st genetation fortuner was better equipped than the 1st generation endeavour which was an old school approach which I would prefer but lot others dont. Also comes into play the brand factor which ford in india does not have. Ford is seen as an expensive after sales brand to maintain when compared to the fortuner. The fortuner is also more capable than endeavour because the wheelbase is shorter, which is very good for an offroader that gives better break angle also it is made up from the famous hilux pickup which is an absolute beater. Even though fortuner do not have better ride quality when compared to endeavour (4wheel drives usually dont have) the sales were good because of toyota brand and the reliability it provided. The 2nd generation endeavour is better than 2nd generation fortuner but still you wont see a lot of 3.2 endeavours on road. Another fact is the heirarchy. Fortuner, lc prado, lc 200. Ford has no proven heirarchy as the toyota, yes they have raptor, but thats more inclined towards lifestyle vehicle segment.

What is the maximum weight I can safely tow with a Toyota tacoma? The supposed 6800 limit seems a little unbelievable. (Trying to tow a 6000lb boat)

Is the Range Rover the best off-road commercial vehicle?

In terms of all-around off-road ability - which I would define as: Ability to tackle large obstacles like fallen trees and rocks Ability to cover large distances of broken ground at speed (sort of what you see in the Dakar or Baja races, only they're running much faster) Ability to traverse sand, mud, water, ice, and whatever else you sometimes have to drive thru off-road NOTE: The answer to this question very much depends on where you live. If, for example, we're talking about Tanzania, than I'd say a Rover is the way to go. If we're talking about the Middle East, I'd vote for a Land Cruiser or Hilux...etc. You want to choose a vehicle that has good part availability, as well as something a lot of local mechanics know how to work on. A Jeep Wrangler would be a very bad choice for Africa, as Jeeps aren't all that common compared to a Toyota or Rover. I'd say that ,a top-end Jeep Wrangler (like a Rubicon X) is the best off-road vehicle you can buy from a dealership,. It has a short wheelbase, which is great for tackling obstacles, and a variety of equipment that gives an off-road driver lots of control when trying to navigate obstacles. It also has sufficient power, ground clearance, and rugged construction, which make long-distance travel very feasible. An FJ Cruiser would probably be my second choice, followed by a Toyota Tacoma with the new TRD Pro package. A Land Rover, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota 4Runner, etc. would all be options if my first three choices weren't available (or if I were buying a vehicle for more than just off-road adventure). Of course, ,any, vehicle with a rugged frame and 4wd can be a great off-roader in the right hands. The trick to great off-roading is experience, technique, and smart judgment. What's more, a handful of modifications (like an upgraded suspension, some steel bumpers and rock rails, new gearing) can turn even the most boring 4x4 into an off-road juggernaut. As for Range Rover/Land Rover, they certainly have capabilities. But they're heavy, pricey, and when they're built in the most rugged configurations (such as the vehicles you find on an African safari), they bare far more resemblance to a pickup truck than a luxurious SUV. Your typical Serengeti Rover isn't dripping with luxury...it bears little resemblance to the Range Rover most people see on the streets of North America. Suffice to say, I'd put a Jeep Wrangler, Toyota FJ Cruiser, or Toyota TRD Pro Tacoma up against a fancy new Range Rover on any off-road course in North America. Even ,if, the Range Rover holds it's own, it will do so at a price point substantially higher than the rest. That's nothing to brag about.

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What is the Transmission Manufacture of Toyota Hilux?

Here are the Transmission Manufacture and variants of Toyota Hilux:

Variants	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 L-Edition AT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 MT 4x2	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4G AT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 STD MT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4G MT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8 L-Edition AT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8G AT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Single Cab 2.4 MT 4x4
Transmission Manufacture	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota	Toyota

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Does Toyota Hilux has Cruise Control?
Yes, Toyota Hilux has Cruise Control, which are: 2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8 L-Edition AT 4x4, 2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8G AT 4x4 (IMP).
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What is the Fuel of Toyota Hilux?

Here are the Fuel and variants of Toyota Hilux:

Variants	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 L-Edition AT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 MT 4x2	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4G AT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4 STD MT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.4G MT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8 L-Edition AT 4x4	2018 Toyota Hilux Double Cab 2.8G AT 4x4 (IMP)	2018 Toyota Hilux Single Cab 2.4 MT 4x4
Fuel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel	Diesel

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toyota hilux wheelbase

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Why does Toyota Fortuner sells more than Ford Endeavour even if Endeavour is better than Fortuner in all aspects?

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